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Docker 部署 PHP 环境

PHP 是当下最流行的 Web 服务器端开发语言，号称 地球上最好的语言，没有之一。Docker 部署 PHP 环境有两种方式： 通过 Dockerfile 构建 和 从 Docker 仓库拉取

我们以当前最新的版本 7.2.6 安装为例

1. 使用 docker pull php

这是最简单的方式，开箱即用

  1. 使用 docker search php 命令可以列出 docker.io 上所有的 PHP 有关的镜像

    [root@localhost ~]# docker search php
NAME     DESCRIPTION                  OFFICIAL   
php      While designed for web...     [OK]   
...

    有很多版本，我们选择官方的 php

  2. 拉取最新的 PHP 标签: 7.2.6-fpm-stretch

    [root@localhost ~]# docker pull php:7.2.6-fpm-stretch

  3. 稍等片刻，下载完成后，就可以在本地镜像列表里找到 REPOSITORY 为 php, 标签为 7.2.6-fpm-stretch 的镜像

    [root@localhost ~]# docker images php
REPOSITORY TAG                IMAGE ID     ... SIZE
php        7.2.6-fpm-stretch  0a757334c1f6 ... 367.7 MB

2. 通过 Dockerfile 文件构建

使用 Dockerfile 文件构建，我们可以实现定制，并且熟悉 PHP 的安装过程

  1. 创建目录 php,用于存放后面的相关东西

    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p php/logs php/conf
    文件 说明
    logs 该目录将映射为 phpops 容器的日志目录
    conf 该目录里的配置文件将映射为 phpops 容器的配置文件

  2. 进入 php 目录，并创建以下几个文件

    [root@localhost ~]# cd php

    如果你嫌复制太麻烦，可以直接去 GitHub 上下载

    1. docker-php-entrypoint

      # !/bin/sh
# 移除第一行的 # ! 之间的空格
set -e

# first arg is `-f` or `--some-option`
if [ "${1#-}" != "$1" ]; then
    set -- php-fpm "$@"
fi

exec "$@"

    2. docker-php-ext-configure

      # !/bin/sh
# 移除第一行的 # ! 之间的空格
set -e

# prefer user supplied CFLAGS, but default to our PHP_CFLAGS
: ${CFLAGS:=$PHP_CFLAGS}
: ${CPPFLAGS:=$PHP_CPPFLAGS}
: ${LDFLAGS:=$PHP_LDFLAGS}
export CFLAGS CPPFLAGS LDFLAGS

srcExists=
if [ -d /usr/src/php ]; then
    srcExists=1
fi
docker-php-source extract
if [ -z "$srcExists" ]; then
    touch /usr/src/php/.docker-delete-me
fi

cd /usr/src/php/ext

usage() {
    echo "usage: $0 ext-name [configure flags]"
    echo "   ie: $0 gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/something"
    echo
    echo 'Possible values for ext-name:'
    find . \
            -mindepth 2 \
            -maxdepth 2 \
            -type f \
            -name 'config.m4' \
        | xargs -n1 dirname \
        | xargs -n1 basename \
        | sort \
        | xargs
    echo
    echo 'Some of the above modules are already compiled into PHP; please check'
    echo 'the output of "php -i" to see which modules are already loaded.'
}

ext="$1"
if [ -z "$ext" ] || [ ! -d "$ext" ]; then
    usage >&2
    exit 1
fi
shift

pm='unknown'
if [ -e /lib/apk/db/installed ]; then
    pm='apk'
fi

if [ "$pm" = 'apk' ]; then
    if \
        [ -n "$PHPIZE_DEPS" ] \
        && ! apk info --installed .phpize-deps > /dev/null \
        && ! apk info --installed .phpize-deps-configure > /dev/null \
    ; then
        apk add --no-cache --virtual .phpize-deps-configure $PHPIZE_DEPS
    fi
fi

if command -v dpkg-architecture > /dev/null; then
    gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)"
    set -- --build="$gnuArch" "$@"
fi

cd "$ext"
phpize
./configure "$@"

    3. docker-php-ext-enable

      # !/bin/sh
# 移除第一行的 # ! 之间的空格
set -e

extDir="$(php -r 'echo ini_get("extension_dir");')"
cd "$extDir"

usage() {
    echo "usage: $0 [options] module-name [module-name ...]"
    echo "   ie: $0 gd mysqli"
    echo "       $0 pdo pdo_mysql"
    echo "       $0 --ini-name 0-apc.ini apcu apc"
    echo
    echo 'Possible values for module-name:'
    find -maxdepth 1 \
            -type f \
            -name '*.so' \
            -exec basename '{}' ';' \
        | sort \
        | xargs
    echo
    echo 'Some of the above modules are already compiled into PHP; please check'
    echo 'the output of "php -i" to see which modules are already loaded.'
}

opts="$(getopt -o 'h?' --long 'help,ini-name:' -- "$@" || { usage >&2 && false; })"
eval set -- "$opts"

iniName=
while true; do
    flag="$1"
    shift
    case "$flag" in
        --help|-h|'-?') usage && exit 0 ;;
        --ini-name) iniName="$1" && shift ;;
        --) break ;;
        *)
            {
                echo "error: unknown flag: $flag"
                usage
            } >&2
            exit 1
            ;;
    esac
done

modules=
for module; do
    if [ -z "$module" ]; then
        continue
    fi
    if [ -f "$module.so" ] && ! [ -f "$module" ]; then
        # allow ".so" to be optional
        module="$module.so"
    fi
    if ! [ -f "$module" ]; then
        echo >&2 "error: '$module' does not exist"
        echo >&2
        usage >&2
        exit 1
    fi
    modules="$modules $module"
done

if [ -z "$modules" ]; then
    usage >&2
    exit 1
fi

pm='unknown'
if [ -e /lib/apk/db/installed ]; then
    pm='apk'
fi

apkDel=
if [ "$pm" = 'apk' ]; then
    if \
        [ -n "$PHPIZE_DEPS" ] \
        && ! apk info --installed .phpize-deps > /dev/null \
        && ! apk info --installed .phpize-deps-configure > /dev/null \
    ; then
        apk add --no-cache --virtual '.docker-php-ext-enable-deps' binutils
        apkDel='.docker-php-ext-enable-deps'
    fi
fi

for module in $modules; do
    if readelf --wide --syms "$module" | grep -q ' zend_extension_entry$'; then
        # https://wiki.php.net/internals/extensions#loading_zend_extensions
        absModule="$(readlink -f "$module")"
        line="zend_extension=$absModule"
    else
        line="extension=$module"
    fi

    ext="$(basename "$module")"
    ext="${ext%.*}"
    if php -r 'exit(extension_loaded("'"$ext"'") ? 0 : 1);'; then
        # this isn't perfect, but it's better than nothing
        # (for example, 'opcache.so' presents inside PHP as 'Zend OPcache', not 'opcache')
        echo >&2
        echo >&2 "warning: $ext ($module) is already loaded!"
        echo >&2
        continue
    fi

    ini="/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/${iniName:-"docker-php-ext-$ext.ini"}"
    if ! grep -q "$line" "$ini" 2>/dev/null; then
        echo "$line" >> "$ini"
    fi
done

if [ "$pm" = 'apk' ] && [ -n "$apkDel" ]; then
    apk del $apkDel
fi

    4. docker-php-ext-install

      # !/bin/sh
# 移除第一行的 # ! 之间的空格
set -e

# prefer user supplied CFLAGS, but default to our PHP_CFLAGS
: ${CFLAGS:=$PHP_CFLAGS}
: ${CPPFLAGS:=$PHP_CPPFLAGS}
: ${LDFLAGS:=$PHP_LDFLAGS}
export CFLAGS CPPFLAGS LDFLAGS

srcExists=
if [ -d /usr/src/php ]; then
    srcExists=1
fi
docker-php-source extract
if [ -z "$srcExists" ]; then
    touch /usr/src/php/.docker-delete-me
fi

cd /usr/src/php/ext

usage() {
    echo "usage: $0 [-jN] ext-name [ext-name ...]"
    echo "   ie: $0 gd mysqli"
    echo "       $0 pdo pdo_mysql"
    echo "       $0 -j5 gd mbstring mysqli pdo pdo_mysql shmop"
    echo
    echo 'if custom ./configure arguments are necessary, see docker-php-ext-configure'
    echo
    echo 'Possible values for ext-name:'
    find . \
            -mindepth 2 \
            -maxdepth 2 \
            -type f \
            -name 'config.m4' \
        | xargs -n1 dirname \
        | xargs -n1 basename \
        | sort \
        | xargs
    echo
    echo 'Some of the above modules are already compiled into PHP; please check'
    echo 'the output of "php -i" to see which modules are already loaded.'
}

opts="$(getopt -o 'h?j:' --long 'help,jobs:' -- "$@" || { usage >&2 && false; })"
eval set -- "$opts"

j=1
while true; do
    flag="$1"
    shift
    case "$flag" in
        --help|-h|'-?') usage && exit 0 ;;
        --jobs|-j) j="$1" && shift ;;
        --) break ;;
        *)
            {
                echo "error: unknown flag: $flag"
                usage
            } >&2
            exit 1
            ;;
    esac
done

exts=
for ext; do
    if [ -z "$ext" ]; then
        continue
    fi
    if [ ! -d "$ext" ]; then
        echo >&2 "error: $PWD/$ext does not exist"
        echo >&2
        usage >&2
        exit 1
    fi
    exts="$exts $ext"
done

if [ -z "$exts" ]; then
    usage >&2
    exit 1
fi

pm='unknown'
if [ -e /lib/apk/db/installed ]; then
    pm='apk'
fi

apkDel=
if [ "$pm" = 'apk' ]; then
    if [ -n "$PHPIZE_DEPS" ]; then
        if apk info --installed .phpize-deps-configure > /dev/null; then
            apkDel='.phpize-deps-configure'
        elif ! apk info --installed .phpize-deps > /dev/null; then
            apk add --no-cache --virtual .phpize-deps $PHPIZE_DEPS
            apkDel='.phpize-deps'
        fi
    fi
fi

popDir="$PWD"
for ext in $exts; do
    cd "$ext"
    [ -e Makefile ] || docker-php-ext-configure "$ext"
    make -j"$j"
    make -j"$j" install
    find modules \
        -maxdepth 1 \
        -name '*.so' \
        -exec basename '{}' ';' \
            | xargs -r docker-php-ext-enable
    make -j"$j" clean
    cd "$popDir"
done

if [ "$pm" = 'apk' ] && [ -n "$apkDel" ]; then
    apk del $apkDel
fi

if [ -e /usr/src/php/.docker-delete-me ]; then
    docker-php-source delete
fi

    5. docker-php-source

      # !/bin/sh
# 移除第一行的 # ! 之间的空格
set -e

dir=/usr/src/php

usage() {
    echo "usage: $0 COMMAND"
    echo
    echo "Manage php source tarball lifecycle."
    echo
    echo "Commands:"
    echo "   extract  extract php source tarball into directory $dir if not already done."
    echo "   delete   delete extracted php source located into $dir if not already done."
    echo
}

case "$1" in
    extract)
        mkdir -p "$dir"
        if [ ! -f "$dir/.docker-extracted" ]; then
            tar -Jxf /usr/src/php.tar.xz -C "$dir" --strip-components=1
            touch "$dir/.docker-extracted"
        fi
        ;;

    delete)
        rm -rf "$dir"
        ;;

    *)
        usage
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

  3. 创建 Dockerfile 文件

    [root@localhost php]# vi Dockerfile

    然后复制以下内容

    FROM debian:jessie

# 编译和运行时依赖的工具
ENV PHPIZE_DEPS autoconf file g++ gcc libc-dev make pkg-config re2c
# 指定 php.ini目录
ENV PHP_INI_DIR /usr/local/etc/php

## 指定 PHP 版本和编译的选项
ENV PHP_EXTRA_CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www-data --with-fpm-group=www-data
ENV PHP_VERSION 7.2.6
ENV PHP_FILENAME php-7.2.6.tar.xz

# 安装依赖的库和环境
RUN apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y $PHPIZE_DEPS ca-certificates curl libedit2 \
    libsqlite3-0 libxml2 --no-install-recommends \
    && rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*

RUN mkdir -p $PHP_INI_DIR/conf.d

RUN set -xe && buildDeps=" $PHP_EXTRA_BUILD_DEPS libcurl4-openssl-dev libedit-dev libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev libxml2-dev xz-utils " \
    && apt-get update && apt-get install -y $buildDeps --no-install-recommends && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
    && curl -fSL "http://php.net/get/$PHP_FILENAME/from/this/mirror" -o "$PHP_FILENAME" \
    && mkdir -p /usr/src/php \
    && tar -xf "$PHP_FILENAME" -C /usr/src/php --strip-components=1 \
    && rm "$PHP_FILENAME" \
    && cd /usr/src/php \
    && ./configure --with-config-file-path="$PHP_INI_DIR" \
        --with-config-file-scan-dir="$PHP_INI_DIR/conf.d" \
        $PHP_EXTRA_CONFIGURE_ARGS \
        --disable-cgi --enable-mysqlnd --enable-mbstring \
        --with-curl --with-libedit --with-openssl --with-zlib \
    && make -j"$(nproc)" \
    && make install \
    && { find /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin -type f -executable -exec strip --strip-all '{}' + || true; } \
    && make clean \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false -o APT::AutoRemove::SuggestsImportant=false $buildDeps

COPY docker-php-ext-* /usr/local/bin/

##<autogenerated>##
WORKDIR /var/www/html

RUN set -ex \
    && cd /usr/local/etc \
    && if [ -d php-fpm.d ]; then \
        sed 's!=NONE/!=!g' php-fpm.conf.default | tee php-fpm.conf > /dev/null; \
        cp php-fpm.d/www.conf.default php-fpm.d/www.conf; \
    else \
        mkdir php-fpm.d; \
        cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d/www.conf; \
        { \
            echo '[global]'; \
            echo 'include=etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf'; \
        } | tee php-fpm.conf; \
    fi \
    && { \
        echo '[global]'; \
        echo 'error_log = /proc/self/fd/2'; \
        echo; \
        echo '[www]'; \
        echo '; if we send this to /proc/self/fd/1, it never appears'; \
        echo 'access.log = /proc/self/fd/2'; \
        echo; \
        echo 'clear_env = no'; \
        echo; \
        echo '; Ensure worker stdout and stderr are sent to the main error log.'; \
        echo 'catch_workers_output = yes'; \
    } | tee php-fpm.d/docker.conf \
    && { \
        echo '[global]'; \
        echo 'daemonize = no'; \
        echo; \
        echo '[www]'; \
        echo 'listen = [::]:9000'; \
    } | tee php-fpm.d/zz-docker.conf

EXPOSE 9000
CMD ["php-fpm"]

  4. 通过 docker build 命令创建镜像 my-php:7.2.6-fpm

    [root@localhost php]# docker build -t my-php:7.2.6-fpm .

  5. 稍等片刻，命令执行完成后，可以使用 docker images 命令显示刚刚创建的镜像

    [root@localhost php]# docker images my-php
REPOSITORY   TAG                 IMAGE ID        ...  SIZE

运行 my-php 容器

先在当前目录下创建目录 www，然后在目录 www 中新建文件 i.php 内容如下

<?php 
phpinfo();

最后使用下面的命令运行容器

[root@localhost php]# docker run -it -p 9000:9000 --name  php-fpm -v $pwd/www:/www -v $PWD/conf:/usr/local/etc/php -v $PWD/logs:/phplogs my-php:7.2.6-fpm bash

这会直接进入容器

参数说明

  1. -p 9000:9000

    将容器的 9000 端口映射到主机的 9000 端口

  2. --name php-fpm

    将容器命名为 php-fpm

  3. -v $pwd/www:/www

    将主机中项目的目录 www 挂载到容器的 /www

  4. -v $PWD/conf:/usr/local/etc/php

    将主机中当前目录下的 conf 目录挂载到容器的 /usr/local/etc/php

  5. -v $PWD/logs:/phplogs

    将主机中当前目录下的 logs 目录挂载到容器的 /phplogs

然后使用下面的命令 CD 到 /www 目录，运行 php -s 0.0.0.0:9000 命令

root@bd90d7c7bbf9:/www# cd /www
root@bd90d7c7bbf9:/www# php -S 0.0.0.0:9000

通过浏览器访问 http://localhost:9000/i.php，输出如下

如果要作为 php-fpm 运行，那么直接使用下面的命令

[root@localhost php]# docker run -d -p 9000:9000 --name  php-fpm -v $pwd/www:/www -v $PWD/conf:/usr/local/etc/php -v $PWD/logs:/phplogs my-php:7.2.6-fpm

查看容器启动情况

[root@localhost php]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE         COMMAND      ...    PORTS                    NAMES
00c5aa4c2f93    my-php:7.2.6-fpm   "php-fpm"    ...    0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp   myphp-fpm

查看容器的 IP

可以使用命令 docker inspect 查看容器的 IP

docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' <container_id>

例如可以使用下面的命令查看刚刚创建的容器的 IP

[root@localhost php]# docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' c929419b17cf
172.17.0.2

使用 Nginx + PHP 实现 Web 服务

我们是通过 Nginx + PHP 实现 Web 服务，Nginx 配置文件的 fastcgi_pass 应该配置为 myphp-fpm 容器的 IP

fastcgi_pass  172.17.0.2:9000;
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